Scholar

    Since 1960s, beginning with Suppe's project at Stanford, Computer-Assisted Instruction(CAI) has been implemented and rapidly evolved throughout times and various areas.  With the progress of educational technology, more student-involved and inquiry-based instruction design has been known desirable for human being's constructive learning, against early behaviorism.  In such a trend, Scholar was experimentally developed by Jaime Carbonell, as the first Intelligent Tutoring System(ITS) in 1969.  In the transition of CAI to ITS, the basic methodology of Scholar was a tutorial dialogue using templates and keyword recognition.  It was used for teaching Latin American geography through inquiries and answers on a topic randomly chosen by Scholar.  This man-to-machine tutorial system enables to individually help students enhance their knowledge by solving problems at a certain level or by involving in discussions in a more interactive way with the computer.  According to the recognition that only improving the quality of contents is not sufficient for more effective learning, the new approach shown in Scholar is very critical.  However, it doesn't go much beyond the traditional CAI that gives pre-programmed contents no matter what prior knowledge students have, in aspect of containing framed answers or student models.  In the case, if contents or  answers are not coded information, such as art and  social science, the efficiency of inquiry tutorial in interaction with a student will tremendously decline.

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Relevant Information

An Annotated Bibliography of Computer Assisted Learning
Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Instructional Technology : History and Theory
Educational Technology Time Line (Alpha Version)
ITS Background
Computer Assisted Instruction And The Enterprise
Advancement of Educational Reform and Learning
Reading and Computer Assisted Instruction: Applications and Implications
 

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Virtual Classroom

    In December, 2036, Virtual Classroom, which is an artificial teaching environment program developed by the Korean Artificial  Intelligence System Research Institute, will be displayed in a public middle school for the first time.  It covers a variety of learning areas in existing curricula, such as literacy, math, life science, foreign languages, history, social science, even art and ethics.  Thus, it is expected to be used practically embedded in public education as supplementary learning materials.  With the introduction of this teaching machine to public education, 6 year old kids through secondary school students can have more individual and interactive learning experiences through imaginary thinking or logical reasoning situations simulated into 3-D space.  They can also manipulate the situations with this system unlike in previous ITS programs.  The possible range of manipulation is considerably diverse so that not only students with learning difficulties but also normal students can be extremely excited about working with this machine.  It provides varied problems or simulations to solve, contents to learn, and activities on the basis of 3-D screen animation and multimedia.  For example, one of the program has a time-machine like function that makes students feel more realistic and enthusiastic about acquiring historical facts while traveling different times or places in a virtual situation.  They can interview with the people they meet using technical tools and a tutor robot provided and they will be also asked questions during the trip.  Virtual Classroom feasibly offers students some field trips that are impossible in reality.  Since it is a huge project integrated with many multimedia functionalities and its uses, teachers' training is expected to follow after more practical tries, for better use of it.
 

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Relevant Information

Some Possible Futures For Artificial Intelligence In Mathematics Education
Tutor In A Box
An intelligent tutoring system for physics
"Intelligent Tutor":  Top-down Approach to ITS Design
 

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